Gauss's Theorema Egregium
Gauss's theorema egregium states that the
Gaussian curvature of a surface embedded in three-space may be understood
intrinsically to that surface. "Residents" of the surface may observe the
Gaussian curvature of the surface without ever venturing into full
three-dimensional space; they can observe the curvature of the surface they
live in without even knowing about the three-dimensional space in which they
are embedded.
In particular, Gaussian curvature can be measured by checking how closely
the arc lengths of circles of small radii correspond to what they should be
in Euclidean space, . If the arc length of circles tends to be smaller than
what is expected in Euclidean space, then the space is positively curved; if
larger, negatively; if the same, 0 Gaussian curvature.
Gauss (effectively) expressed the theorema egregium by saying that the
Gaussian curvature at a point is given by -R(v,w)v,w where R is the Riemann
tensor, and v and w are an orthonormal basis for the tangent space.
Excerpt from MathWorld
Theorem of the Day -- 5/10/2005
Uniqueness Theorem
A theorem, also called a unicity theorem, stating the uniqueness of a mathematical object, which usually means that there is only one object fulfilling given properties, or that all objects of a given class are equivalent (i.e., they can be represented by the same model). This is often expressed by saying that the object is uniquely determined by a certain set of data. The word unique is sometimes replaced by essentially unique, whenever one wants to stress that the uniqueness is only referred to the underlying structure, whereas the form may vary in all ways that do not affect the mathematical content.
The object of many uniqueness theorems is the solution to a problem or an equation; in such cases, a uniqueness theorem is normally combined with an existence theorem.
(Excerpt from Mathworld)
Comments:
This is just a definition. But it's worth mentioning. Uniqueness is very important in mathematics, especially in analysis. Sorry for the lack of posts for the past few days. Internet was cut off. Now I'm back! =)
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